Carbon Steel Lowest Capex
Advantages:
- Cheapest option
- Opex Involves inspection pigging
- Internal corrosion control through inhibition
Disadvantages:
- Corrosion rates are high
- Possibility of intelligent or coating
- Additional Opex through inhibition
Limitations:
- High corrosion (pigging) and external painting
Carbon Steel with FBE
Advantages:
- Capex slightly more
- Low Opex
- Cathodic and anodic protection, Internal lining
Disadvantages:
- Corrosion prone if the FBE coating is affected
- They conclude that the coating is likely to get damaged if the fluid contains some solid particles.
Limitations:
- Coating holidays
Carbon Steel with PE lining
Advantages:
- Capex is slightly more than CS or FEB
- Anti corrosion protection to the internal regions through the use of lining
Disadvantages:
- Should not be used for gas lines where lining has collapsed because of depressurization.
- Operating Temperature restricted to 65 Deg max
Limitations:
- Operating temp 65 Deg ma This is Google ads meaning Operating temperature 65 degrees maximum.
Stainless Steel
Advantages:
- No corrosion
- Opex is low
Disadvantages:
- External corrosion protection through coating
- Not suitable for fluid where chloride are present
Limitations:
- Chlorides in fluid
Duplex Stainless Steel
Advantages:
- No corrosion
- Opex is low
- High Capex
Disadvantages:
- Susceptible to stress cracking in the operating range of 80 to 120 Deg C
- Long lead time for procurement
Limitations:
- Operating temp
GRE
Advantages:
- No operating Expenses
- No corrosion
- Medium Capex
Disadvantages:
- Limitation due to temperature pressure
- Inspection limitation
- Line to be buried only
- No pigging possible
Limitations:
- Temp & Pressure
CS + CRA internal clad
Advantages:
- No corrosion
- Can tolerate highly
- wet sour conditions
Disadvantages:
- High Capex
- materials Sourcing problems
Limitations:
- Welding
Advantages and disadvantages of material management
The management of material is one of the sub-functions of project and inventory management especially in organizations whose aim is to stock and distribute material within a given region. It entails the acts of sourcing, storing, and controlling inventory materials that are in an organization to be used at the right time.
Here are some advantages and disadvantages of material management:
Advantages:
Cost Savings: As for this, it can be understood that implementation of the material procurement and storage activities will lead to lower cost as there is efficient procurement of the materials, less wastage and also, efficient in expenses in holding the inventory.
Improved Efficiency: This means that the materials will always be within reach in case they will be used hence work will be advanced on a project and reduce tremendously on the amount of time it will take.
Better Resource Allocation: This is helpful in preventing incidents where for instance material resources are used somewhere else other than the specific project that is being carried out thus Material management is in a way that offers a way of economizing on resources.
Enhanced Productivity: Since the workers get the materials easily they get to work without much hindrance hence this effect improving on efficiency.
Inventory Control: This is possible since it facilitates the organization to manage the inventory control in a way that it does not congest the space of storage or exhaust all its stock.
Quality Control: Material logistics also aid in smooth transport and replenishment as well as quality inspections hence the proper use of materials in the production hence reducing instances of production of defective goods hence the need for reworking.
Supplier Relationships: The supplier relationship could be enhanced through early payments and ordering security to get better value and contract with the suppliers.
Disadvantages:
Resource Intensive: Overhead costs are usually incurred in material management because it requires the services of skilled people and proper software to assist in the management of material acquisitions, storage, tracking among others.
Complexity: In the worst organizational size or when many materials are required to be featured in an organization or in the support of a project, then the management of such resources may emerge as hard.
Initial Costs: The case of employing the activities may include establishing one off costs like the software, informing the people rendering the activities of the concept and the necessary infrastructure.
Resistance to Change: Likewise with regards to the change of the existing material management processes the employees may resist and it may cause some sort of drama.
Risk of Over-Engineering: As it is with everything in this world when there is excess of something then there will always be a problem and in this case of an over-engineering situation in which a lot of effort is put on the management side mostly on the materials other than on the operation side.
Dependence on Suppliers: This is however a weakness because dependency on external suppliers can be dangerous if there are some kinds of hitches in the supply.
Data Accuracy: Incorrect or imprecise data in the material management systems cause problems in procurement, order listing, and in the allocation of resources.
Thus, material management is useful apropos with the concerns on how cost effective, efficient, and quality it is to manage the given materials. But it also presents some difficulties connected with resource management, increased project complexity, and organizational resistance toward change. However, to achieve optimum returns while minimizing the limitations of material management, organizations ought to harmonize and develop subordinate systems as well as procedures optimum for the associated needs of a given business.
Advantages and disadvantages of material Handling
Material handling is defined as an activity of moving, selecting, transporting, and storing goods in a manufacturing or distribution site. Basically, material handling plays a central role of advancing effectiveness of production thus cutting costs and risks.
Here are some advantages and disadvantages of material handling:
Advantages:
Increased Productivity: Proper material handling reduces on time, traffic congestion thus improves on production and traffic flow.
Cost Reduction: Some of the benefits associated with proper material handling includes; The handling of goods reduces the amount of time spent by the employee thus cutting down the cost of labor, Preventing damage to the product, and lastly adopting the best practice of handling goods to ensure that space is well utilized.
Improved Safety: Good material handling systems help to avoid chance of accidents and injuries because activities that would have been accomplished manually are streamlined thereby reducing on activity frequency.
Enhanced Quality Control: Other systems and methods that can be included in material handling are quality check and quality inspections thus less defects.
Optimized Space Utilization: Better storage & retrieval techniques maximize space, hence, require less space than if large facilities were needed.
Reduced Material Damage: Implementing and adhering to handling as well as storage techniques help to reduce the possible mishaps to the merchandise during the transportation and during storage.
Streamlined Processes: They can be incorporated into manufacturing processes to cut down on the amount of time it takes to complete activities.
Disadvantages:
Initial Cost: The adoption of material handling methods comes with cost implications invariably, in a way of bearing the costs of equipment, and technology; employees training included.
Maintenance Costs: This means that there are relatively fixed regular costs of maintenance and repairs when it comes to the material handling equipment and systems in any organization.
Complexity: Systems involving intricate material handling also involve the use of high technology, experienced manpower, and software to control the processes, and this escalates the complication level.
Downtime Risk: A breakdown or a malfunction of equipment will mean a halt in production and this is not good for efficiency.
Training Requirements: The operators and the employees in the organization require training to ensure they use the material handling equipment safely and efficiently.
Space Constraints: The general application of material handling systems may also call for the creation of more space within a given facility, particularly in cases, where there has been overcrowding of the existing space.
Dependence on Technology: Dependence on the system means that the system can easily break down technically or even get hacked.
Customization: Customizing material handling systems is often a tedious and expensive process, especially when it involves a large number of cases.
To sum up, the following points can be underlined and distinguished regarding the benefits of material handling: such activity provides great opportunities to increase productivity per capita, minimize expenses for production, and enhance the level of safety and quality of the final product. But it also entails initial and recurring expenses, high sophistication, and possible downtime threats. To fully reap the rewards without suffering the negative impacts, organizations have to evaluate the specific requirements that those within their industry necessitate from the material handling aspects and subsequently purchase the most adequate equipment, innovation, and/or personnel training.