1. What is the objective of stress analysis?
1. In order to control the Stress analysis in piping components of the system within the permissible limits
2. For solving dynamic problems stirred up by mechanical vibration, fluid hammer, pulsation, relief valves, and other factors.
3. In case of higher or lower operating temperature, some challenges may arise and to deal with them, it is necessary to:
- Displacement stress range
- Loading on the connected equipment in the nozzle.
- Pipe displacements
- Loads and moments on the supporting structure
2. What are the steps involved in stress analysis (or any stress package carries out)?
1. List down the possible loads that the piping system would face in the course of the plant’s service.
2. Identify each of these loads with the stresses and strains that are likely to be induced.
3. Obtain the sum of the possible loads in the system
4. It is now necessary to define the values of the parameters for which the system is considered to be damaged or failed according to the code.
5. Once the system is designed then the stresses to which the structure will be subjected are made sure to be within the permissible limits.
3. What are the different types of stresses that may get generated within pipe during normal operation?
The different kind of Stresses are as follows.
- Axial stresses (tensile / compressive)
- Shear stresses
- Radial stresses
- Hoopes
What are the different types of stress?
The main types of stress include:
- Tensile stress: It is the stress that causes a material to extend or be pulled out. It is a stress which is brought about by the pull of forces acting in different directions on the material.
- Compressive stress: This is the stress that leads to the change in the dimension of a material in the sense of a reduction. Force is the interaction that takes place on the material in the direction of the length of the material.
- Shear stress: This is the stress that will make a material to slide or shear. This is because the forces that are applied on the material are in contrary directions but not in the same plane of the material.
- Torsional stress: This type of stress results in the object to twist or turn in one direction and the other. It is used in shafts, gears, and other parts which in one way or the other involve a rotating or reciprocating shaft.
How is stress represented?
Stress is commonly depicted by the Greek symbol sigma (σ) and the magnitude is usually expressed in units of pressure like Pascals or psi.Stress also has its unit and is usually stated as the force per unit area of the cross section of the material through which it acts.
What is the difference between stress and strain?
Stress and strain though being two different concepts are terms that are commonly used interchangeably in the field of engineering. Stress is defined as the force per unit area which is applied on a material and on the other hand strain is change in dimensions of the material per unit length. Strain is usually denoted by the Greek letter ε and can be specified in percentage or in the form of ratio of the change in length.
What is the relationship between stress and strength?
Stress and strength are two other related, but different, constructs. Stress is the measure of the load that a material can carry before it fails to do so. Stress may be defined as the force per unit area which is applied to a material while strength is the capacity of the material subjected to stress. The stress and strength are related by a material’s stress-strain curve which illustrates the behavioral change of the material under stress.