What is Oil Refinery

The following are some of the key steps involved in the oil refining process:

1. Distillation: The first process in the refining process is the imposition of crude oil into its various components by the process of distillation. These are formed by heating crude oil and vaporising a liquid before subsequently cooling the produced mists to separate the different fractions through the process of distillation.
2. Conversion processes: The fractions which are obtained due to distillation process are then refined further in order to get more purity and value-added products and selectivity to get products of higher value added. This may include techniques like the catalytic cracking, hydrotreating or alkylation among others.
3. Treatment and stabilization: The purified product further undergoes finishing to get free from impurities as well as to stabilize the products for warehousing and transporting.
4. Blending: A number of the refined products are recovered in varying proportions in order to achieve certain specifications and to get the final products.
5. Shipping and storage: Final products are then taken to the storage places from where they are taken to customers.

Note: The examples of refinery processes which will include the specific processes that will be used in the particular place will depend on kind of crude oil that will be processed, the kind of the desired end product as well as the general operating conditions that will be in place. An oil refinery is a large and complicated plant to run the same should be operated by professional staff with experience in handling it.

oil refinery

In detail, the oil refinery or petroleum refinery is factory like plant where crude oil or crude petroleum is processed and refined for more useful petroleum products.

• Gasoline
• Diesel fuel
• Asphalt base
• Heating oil
• Kerosene
• Liquefied petroleum gas

This is the type of refinery mentioned in the 13 Days: This is the title of the novel which actually talks about the Pythagoras conspiracy which was known to the world. An edible oil plant on the other hand, is very similar to the earlier refinery since it deals with edible oil but in this case, the oil undergoes further processing to remove fatty acid and few more unwanted impurities. The edible oils are extracted from among other boats the following;

• Palm oil
• Soya bean oil
• Canola oil
• Corn oil
• Rape seed oil and others

That is, the oils refined through an oil refinery process that cannot be taken directly by human being while the oils refined through edible oil refinery process you can take directly by human being.

How many oil refinery in india

The list of Oil Refinery in India by September- 2023 includes 23 numbers of companies. These refineries are situated all over the country and together they have an overall refining capability of 248. To achieve the target it would require an investment of about US$ 445 million 9 MMTPA.

The following is a list of the oil refineries in India:

• State-owned refineries:
  • Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)
  • Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)
  • Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)
• Joint venture refineries:
  • Nayara Energy Limited (NEL)
  • Reliance Industries Limited (RIL)
• Private sector refineries:
  • Essar Oil Limited
  • Cairn Oil & Gas Limited
  • Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL)
  • Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL)
  • Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL)
  • Paradip Refinery Limited (PRL)
  • Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (BRPL)

The Indian government has a long term vision of raising refining capacity of the country to 500 MMTPA by the year 2025. This will be achieved by following the existing plan of establishing new refineries as well as increasing the capacities for the existing ones.

Currently India stands as the fourth largest oil refinery processing nation after the United States, China and Russia. A key component of the refining segment in India’s hydrocarbons industry, it is one of the largest employers of manpower while contributing billions of dollar revenue to the country’s economy every year.

How many oil refinery in assam

There are 4 oil refineries in Assam, India as of September 2023:

• Digboi Refinery
• Noonmati Refinery
• Bongaigaon Refinery
• Numaligarh Refinery

These refineries have an aggregate refining throughput of 11. From the same source the current production is estimated at 5 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA).

Assam is one of the oldest oil producing state of India. The discovery of oil in Assam actually began with the drilling of the first oil well in the year 1889. The oil industry of Assam has contributed enormously for the constructive development of the state as well as the nation.

The major products of the refineries situated in the oil rich state of Assam consist of petrol, diesel, kerosene oil and aviation oil. These products are also consumed locally while some are exported to other countries as well.

The oil refineries in Assam are also one of the largest employers in the region and generates large amount of revenues. They offer both, direct employment opportunities and indirect employment to thousands of people.

The refining segment in Assam has few problems pertaining to declining oil production and growing competition with other producing states. However the state government is willing to assist the industry and allow it to blossom and evolve.

How oil refinery works

An oil refinery or a petroleum refinery is an organization which refines crude oil into useful products like gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel, lubricants, petrochemicals, etc The crudes oil refining itself is a complex process in which the different types of crude oil are separated, upgraded and then converted into the final desired products.

An oil refinery is an industrial plant where crude oil is refined and transformed into usable product such as pump able gasoline, diesel, kerosene and aviation fuel among others. Reforming is one of the processes that involves a number of stages through which crude oil is taken through a series of processes and is then synthesized to produce new products from these parts.

The following is a simplified overview of the oil refining process:Here now is a simple step by step breakdown of the process of oil refining:

1. Desalting: The first and initial step which is performed during the oil refining procedure is to separate the salt in the crude oil. This is conducted under the process known as washing the crude oil with water and all the organic sulfur which was initially in the crude oil will be washed down by the water and left behind in the process.
2. Atmospheric distillation: The crude oil is then heated by passing it in a furnace hence leading to formation of vapour as a result of vapourisation. The vapors are then condensed into a distillation tower where they are gathered according to the fractions depending on its boiling points. Hence, on the bottom of the tower they find the heaviest fractions whereas the lightest fractions are found at the top of the tower.
3. Vacuum distillation: The highest fractions which leave the atmospheric distillation tower are transferred to vacuum atmospheric distillation tower. With regards to the Atmospheric Distillation Tower, this operates under a lower pressure in order to cause vaporization of the denser fractions of the feedstock and also for the separation of the various fractions.
4. Conversion: The fractions that come out of the distillation towers are further converted to petroleum products via some processes that include the following; Catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, alkylation among others.
5. Blending: The resultant products as formed out the conversion processes as are then further subjected to blending processes to be able to offer the appropriate products. For example, gasoline is a blend of sevral separate components of hydrocarbons in which each of the components has inherent properties.
6. Finishing: Petroleum products are then treated to get the specific grades which are needed in processing of other products. This maybe adding of some chemical compounds, change of color of the final product and removal of one or more impurities from the material.

Here is an overview of how an oil refinery works:

Crude Oil Reception:

• Crude oil is transported to the refinery via pipelines, tankers, or railcars. Upon arrival, it is stored in large storage tanks.

Desalting:

• Crude oil often contains impurities like salt and water. In the desalting process, these impurities are removed using electrical fields or chemical processes.

Distillation:

• The crude oil is heated in a distillation tower or also refereed to as a crude oil unit or CDU. It has various shelves, or trays that are at a different temperature.
• The process involves heating up the crude oils and as the heated crude oil is formed in to vapors, it forms a structure through the tower. Various components of the crude oil condense in the various heights of the tower according to their density.
• Components like gases, naphtha and so on floats to the top and other such motor spirit, diesel and residual fuel oil is at the bottom.

Fractionation:

• The products which are separated in the distillation tower are then process separately in other sub units, where they are purified and/or transformed into other valuable products.
• For instance, the naphtha fraction may be fed to a reforming unit to synthesise high octane gasoline blends.

Conversion Processes:

• Some of the crude oil fractions may be subjected to conversion methods to enhance their quality of the fractions and hence, increase their value.
• Catalytic cracking units are used to crack heavy hydrocarbons in to light products such as gasoline and diesel among others.
• Hydrocracking units treat hydrogen for the removal of impurities and to crack heavier fractions in to high value products.

Treatment Units:

• Various treatment units remove impurities and contaminants from the refined products. For example, hydrotreating units remove sulfur and nitrogen compounds to produce low-sulfur fuels.

Blending:

• The different refined products are then mixed in pre-determined ratios in order to satisfy product requirements and the market that they will be sold to.

Product Storage and Distribution:

• The finished products being stored in tanks and then through pipelines, trucks or tankers are taken to centres such as service stations and industries among others.

Waste Management:

• Refineries also deals with waste products like asphalt and petroleum coke, which can be marketed or, at times, dumped depending with the law of the land on environmental management.

Environmental Controls:

• Today’s refineries have installed anti pollant measures to ensure that they emit minimal pollutants to the environment. Such controls may include treatment of wastewater, emission control equipment and instruments used in monitoring.

Safety and Maintenance:

• Employers understand the need to ensure that their employees are safe hence the provisions of stringent security measures throughout the refinery. Maintenance work is very crucial in ensuring that all equipment and system in the organization are functioning properly at all times.

Oil refineries are massive processing plants with various segments that are all connected in producing the final products hence, their management calls for keen attention. The detailed processes and subunits in a refinery can be different with different types of crude and also with the range of products to be produced.

After refining the petroleum products they are stocked or directly off loaded to tanks or trucks/ ships depending on the destination to the market.

Oil refineries are giant structures and investment, but still vital for fulfilling the needs of the world’s population in petroleum products. Petroleum products as used in many sectors such as in the transport and processing of cargo, power and heat generation and many more.

Do oil refineries cause pollution

Of course, oil refineries bear the potential of being a source of pollution, and their functioning do take a toll on the environment. Oil refineries are known to emit pollutants to the atmosphere or water sources or contribute towards the greenhouse effect. Here are some ways in which oil refineries can cause pollution:Here are some ways in which oil refineries can cause pollution:

Air Pollution:

• Particulate Matter (PM): Refineries discharge particulate matter in the atmosphere which may contain fine particles that cause health complications to human beings whenever they inhale.
• Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): Sulfur-containing fuels which are burned in refinery plants can emit sulfur dioxide, a component which is known to cause air pollution and form acid rain.
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Some of the VOCs discharged from refinery processes can react with other pollutants present in the atmosphere and play significant roles in the formation of ground level ozone which is an element of smog.
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Reduction could be achieved by controlling Nitrogen oxides which are emitted by refineries and ground-level ozone which is generated by them has vexatious results on respiratory systems.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions:

• The primary products which are produced through oil refineries include carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of the greenhouse gases that cause climate change. Throughout the refinery processes, there is always combustion of fossil fuels which leads to emission of CO2 into the atmosphere.

Water Pollution:

• Effluent Discharge: There are sever al processes in refineries which produce wastewater and unfortunately, it can contain things like heavy metals, oil and chemicals if it is not treated correctly. Directing such wastewaters or effluents to the rivers or the sea can be destructive to the water bodies.
• Oil Spills: There are usually random occurrences of oil spills or leakage from the refinery to the surrounding water bodies which in the process impact on the aquatic life.

Soil Contamination:

• Sly on the other part spills, leaks, or any ill mannered handling of the hazardous material in any of the refineries, leads to contamination of the soil. Such a soil leads to more environmental problems as well as causing diseases to the human beings.

Noise Pollution:

• Malfunctions and ordinary processes in refineries produce noise pollution and that interrupts the comfort of living and working.

Odor Emissions:

• Some refinery processes give off certain volatile compounds which are usually capable of causing emissions that may be objectionable to neighbors.

Thereby, having set an emphasis on the sources, it is crucial to point out that the degree and effects of pollution from oil refineries depend on many factors, including the type and size of the refinery, the level of technology used, as well as the degree of compliance with the existing regulations. Most of the refineries operate under environmental standards that they have to meet in order to reduce emissions and pollute the environment minimally. Measures towards reduction of environmental effect of refineries include adoption of high end technologies on pollutant control, enhanced techniques of waste disposal and compliance to standards put in place by the government and other regulatory bodies.

Public involvement and support and formation of enabling policies need to be supported to ensure refineries are compelled to exercise environmentally friendly practices.

Where are oil refineries in the us

As of the period of September 2023, number of operable oil refineries in United States is one hundred and twenty nine. In fact, these refineries are located in 30 states but 68 percent of them is in the gulf coast region. The following are the top 10 states with the most oil refineries:Below are the top ten states based on the number of oil refineries:

1. Texas (47)
2. Louisiana (19)
3. California (18)
4. Illinois (9)
5. Indiana (8)
6. Pennsylvania (7)
7. Oklahoma (6)
8. Kansas (5)
9. New Jersey (5)
10. Kentucky (4)

The Gulf Coast region is home to the majority of US oil refineries due to a number of factors, including:A third of the US oil refineries are located in the gulf coast region due to such factors as;

• Proximity to crude oil production: They are mostly near several oil fields for instance the Permian Basin and the Eagle Ford Shale. This ensures that it is easier and cheaper to ship the crude oil to the refining plants since the cost of transporting crude is far cheaper than the cost of putting up refining plants.
• Access to water: The process of manufacturing of the oil products takes different steps and nearly all the steps use water. It has a good geographical position especially close to water bodies such as the gulf of Mexico and other the Mississippi river.
• Favorable climate: Another factor that is evident concerning the gulf coast area is that it has warm temperatures and this is ideal for refining.
• Infrastructure: The region has well-established transport infrastructure and in the same way the refined products can easily be taken to the market.

Processing of oil helps directly the economy of USA in a positive way in terms of the points that were highlighted above. They also provide employment, means of income and produce the petroleum products which are very crucial in our day to day lives.

where are oil refineries located

There is a network of oil refineries all around the globe, although many of them are found mainly in a number of regions. The list below states the 10 nations with the most refineries recorded in September-2023.

1. United States (129)
2. China (90)
3. Russia (71)
4. India (23)
5. Japan (17)
6. South Korea (11)
7. Saudi Arabia (11)
8. Brazil (10)
9. Canada (9)
10. Germany (9)

In most cases there is a direct relation between the location of the oil refineries and the source of crude oil that is the large oil fields and or ports. This is so because it would attract a higher and less economical cost to transport the crude oil to the refining centers and in turn transport the products to market centers. They also used a lot of water, so the are normally located near water sources such as rivers and lakes.

The following are some of the key factors that determine where oil refineries are located:

• Proximity to crude oil production: Refineries are normally located in the areas where the major availability of crude supply is to reduce on the transportation cost.
• Access to water: Refineries are large and capital- intensive plants that capitalize much on water during the refining process hence; they are established with proximity to water bodies like rivers or lakes.
• Favorable climate: Some of these refining procedures are most efficient when climate is warm and hence most of the refinery plants are located where winter season is mild.
• Infrastructure: Transportation: This should do with the availability of proper transport channels because both the crude and the final products should be moved.
• Government policies: The aspect of location can also be influenced by some decisions that are made by the government for example offering an incentive such tax credit or subsidies for the establishment of oil refineries.

Oil refineries are acclimatized important in the delivery of the petroleum products to the world market. The consumers in the petroleum sector are as diversified as the uses of fuel products for instance in transport, generation of power and in production.

where are oil refineries located

Oil refineries are located all over the world, but the majority of them are concentrated in a few key regions. The following are the top 10 countries with the most oil refineries as of September 2023:

1. United States (129)
2. China (90)
3. Russia (71)
4. India (23)
5. Japan (17)
6. South Korea (11)
7. Saudi Arabia (11)
8. Brazil (10)
9. Canada (9)
10. Germany (9)

Oil refineries are typically located near major oil fields and/or ports. This is because it is easier and less expensive to transport crude oil to the refineries and to ship the refined products to market. Oil refineries also require a lot of water, so they are often located near major rivers or lakes.

The following are some of the key factors that determine where oil refineries are located:

• Proximity to crude oil production: Refineries are typically located near major oil fields to reduce the cost of transporting crude oil.
• Access to water: Refineries require a lot of water for the refining process, so they are often located near major rivers or lakes.
• Favorable climate: Some refining processes are more efficient in warmer climates, so refineries are often located in regions with mild winters.
• Infrastructure: Refineries need access to good transportation infrastructure to ship crude oil and refined products.
• Government policies: Government policies, such as tax breaks and subsidies, can also influence the location of oil refineries.

Oil refineries are essential for meeting the world's demand for petroleum products. Petroleum products are used in a wide variety of applications, including transportation, power generation, and manufacturing.

When was digboi oil refinery established

Digboi oil refinery: Digboi oil refinery was existing from the year 1901, the oldest running oil refinery in India and one of the oldest across the globe. It is situated in the town of Digboi in the Tinsukia district in the State of Assam in India.

Digboi oil refinery was set up by Assam Oil Company, it was later owned by the IOC. The refinery can accommodate up to 0. 5 million metric tones per annum (MMTPA) and some of the products it processes are; gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and aviation fuel.

History of oil: The oil refinery in Digboi has had a interesting history and functioned as a pioneer in the development of oil industry in India. It was the first refinery in India to manufacture gasoline or commonly known as petrol & aviation turbine fuel or often referred to as Kero. The refinery has also created many employment opportunities in the region offering direct employment and in equal proportion indirect employment to thousands of people.

Digboi oil refinery is precious and historical place and charisma of Assam. It is a symbol of the state’s past oil industry and its role to the Indian economy.

First oil refinery in the world

It is the Asphaltum (or Asphalt) Plant established in 1742 at Pechelbronn, Alsace, a place which was the part of Holy Roman Empire, now in France, where the world’s first oil refinery was established. This plant was not a modern refinery in today sense but a facility for the primary recovery by means of distillation from naturally occurring crude oil seepage.

As intended the Pechelbronn asphalt plant was designed to process a type of crude known as heavy crude named ‘muck’ or ‘pitch’ which surfaced in the region. The main product of focus was bitumen which was employed as a sealant and in construction of roads.

Some of the characteristics of the industry that was present at Pechelbronn asphalt plant included distillation process used in separating crude oil into its constituent parts. Although it was simple in comparison with the contemporary refineries it was a significant step in development of the refining industry and the usage of petroleum products.

The emergence of complex multifaceted facilities for refining petroleum and creation of wide range of petroleum products including gasoline, kerosene, and lubricating oil commenced from the mid 19th century with the onset of the petroleum industry in United States. Modern historians consider the first full scale commercial oil refinery as the “Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company” established in the year 1856.

This refinery can be considered as the start of the petroleum refining industry in the modern sense with the goal in mind that is to derive as many valuable products from crude oil as possible. With time, there has been development and growth of refineries in the various countries to ensure it meets the increasing demand of Petroleum products.

Who owns the biggest oil refinery in the world

Jamnagar Refinery owned by Reliance Industries is world-largest oil refinery. It is situated at Jamnagar, Gujarat, India; and has the refining capacity of 1. Despite a near 13% average annual increase in demand during the last decade, its production is pegged at 24 million bpd. The refining facility was established in 1999 and has received several upgrade and modification works afterward.

Jamnagar refinery is actually an integrated refinery where number of products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, aviation fuel, petro chemicals etc. It is on of the most efficient and cost effective refining complex, which adds significant value to the Indian economy and fulfils the country’s demand on petroleum products.

Reliance Industries is one of the giants of the Indian economy and the multinational conglomerate company based in Mumbai. The company’s portfolios cover many sectors such as petroleum and chemicals, refining and marketing, telecommunications, retailing, and renewable resources. Reliance Industries Ltd is behemoth organization of India and has significant role in the economy of India.

The infrastructure of the Jamnagar Refinery speaks volume about the engineering and construction prowess of the Reliance Industries. It is also significant because of India’s rising dominance in the world oil market.

The Jamnagar Refinery complex consists of two adjacent refineries:

Jamnagar Refinery (Reliance Refinery):

• This is one of the largest refining complexes in the world and it enjoys a rich feature of grass root nature and superior technology.
• It has more than one-and-a-quarter million barrels per day of crude oil processing capability. 2 million bpd, thus placing it among the largest single site refineries in the world.
• It also comprises different units in the refining of crude oil such as distillation, hydrocracking and petrochemicals.

Jamnagar Export Refinery (JERL):

• JERL is the acronym for the Jamnagar Refinery Extension Limited which is an expansion of the Jamnagar Refinery and its major function is to produce export products.
• self It has a crude oil processing capacity of more than twenty five hundred and eighty thousand barrels per stream.

Altogether these two refineries of the Jamnagar complex have the capacity to process oil and gas far more than 1. 8 million bpd, and it is still growing, which is beyond the scale of any other individual site refinery across the globe.

why oil refineries situated on the coast

Oil refineries are often situated on coastlines or near water bodies for several strategic and practical reasons:Oil refineries are often situated on coastlines or near water bodies for several strategic and practical reasons:

Access to Crude Oil: Some of the oil refineries are situated close to the sea or major water bodies since it enables the refineries to receive crude through tankers or ships. This has provided close access to water in order that crude oil from different parts of the world can be transported easily to the refinery.

Shipping and Distribution: Since the coastal region, the current processing of the refined petroleum products can be easily exported to the domestic and other countries. Liquefied products such as gasoline, diesel as well as jet fuel can be tendered through ships for distribution hence cutting on transport costs and hindrances.

Cooling Water: Oil refining processes entail use of high heat that is then transferred to other systems and this heat should be controlled to avoid system damage. At the coastal refineries, water is also used in the cooling system as a cooling agent which is easily available and necessary for maintaining the cooling rate in diverse types of units.

Environmental Considerations: It is also possible to use seawater for cooling in refineries because after the cooling it is returned back to the sea and thus does not strain the local freshwater resources. This is less costly to the environment as compared to when freshwater sources are used for the same purpose.

Safety and Emergency Response: Accessibility of the coastal places offer some level of security in the event of mishaps or disasters. Sometimes, it is required to extinguish a spill or fire and in this case availability of water is critical in responding to the emergency.

Expansions and Upgrades: Coastal refineries for instance have the luxury of larger area in case of expansion or even upgrading. They can make additions on their facilities to arise the production either to add new units of processing as it is not as confining with land issues as the inland refineries.

Strategic Import and Export: These refineries are the nodes for importation of crude oil and exportation of finished products making nations meet their energy needs while engaging themselves in the international energy market.

International Trade: There is need to note that coastal refineries act as economic nerve centers of the globe as they help in the facilitation of economic transactions and business relations with other countries.

Logistical Efficiency: Exploring other coast areas makes it easier in the transportation of raw materials, manufactured products, and every other essential good. The complexity of volumes required by the oil industry is facilitated by infrastructure available in the ports and harbors.

However, a great number of benefits comes with a coastal siting there are environmental and safety challenges that may come along with refining near water bodies. There were also severe environmental laws and measures that must be followed to reduce effects of the refinery activities on the marine lives and the people living nearby. The outlined issues require management and proper practices to be undertaken to trigger responsible practices for the sustainable running of coastal oil refineries.

Importance of oil refinery

The role of oil refineries is an undisputed fact that cannot be ignored in the contemporary society, operating in all aspects of economy, energy, transportation and industry. Oil refineries are crucial in the global provision of petroleum products as it is with the world’s demands. Petroleum products are used in a wide variety of applications, including:Petroleum products are used in a wide variety of applications, including:

• Transportation: They include fuels for automobiles and trucks and oils for airplanes and other forms of transport such as ships.
• Power generation: Petroleum products are used to produce electricity by use of power generation plants.
• Manufacturing: Some of the other products which are manufactured from petroleum products include plastics, fertilizers and medicine.
• Agriculture: Petroleum products are used for running the farming machinery and in the production of the fertilizers.
• Residential and commercial use: Petroleum products are for home and business heating and as raw material for asphalt for laying down roads.

This makes it impossible to enjoy the petroleum products that make up part of the today’s lifestyle without the oil refineries.

Oil refineries are also some of the critical facilities also when it comes to economic contributions. They are sources of employment, sources of tax income and customers to other companies. For instance, oil refineries acquire their crude supplies from the oil producers while they sell their products to transportation industries, electricity generation companies, and the manufacturing industries.

The oil refining industry as an independent segment of the economy is knowing not an easy one, however, it remains a very necessary one in our current world. Oil refineries are extremely essential to the supply of products derived from petroleum, as well as to the sustenance of world economy.

Here are some key reasons why oil refineries are crucial:

Energy Production:

• Refineries are the basic units for transformation of crude oil into different types of energy such as gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel and heating oil. These energy products comprise those used to propel automobiles, air transport, sea transport, and industrial applications to produce power for transport and heat mostly.

Transportation Fuel:

• Road transportation depends on gasoline and diesel fuel which is widely manufactured in the refining companies. They facilitate the running of automobiles, trucks, buses, trains, ships, and aeroplanes; people and products are conveyed with great convenience and certainty.

Petrochemicals:

• Refineries yield a number of petroleum.org products such as; plastics, synthetic rubber, chemicals, and solvents among others. These materials are employed in the production of millions of items that are in use today ranging from the packaging materials to the electronics and in the pharmaceuticals.

Aviation Fuel:

• Aviation business uses a specific form of fuel known as jet fuel which is thus produced through refineries. As it is well understood that jet fuel plays the most crucial role to support the air transportation of passengers as well as cargo it cannot be denied that today’s civil aviation industry would not exist as it does today were it not for jet fuel.

Heating and Cooling:

• Heating oil and other products used for heating of residential and industrial buildings as well as cooling and refrigeration systems are some of the output of refineries. These products are a necessity in as much as there is need to maintain comfortable dwelling and working conditions.

Electricity Generation:

• Some of the refineries have installed cogenerati. on facilities which generates power for own use and in some cases for the market. This forms the part of total energy availability.

Economic Impact:

• Refinery industries are large sources of employment and also carry significant importance in enhancing the economic fortunes of areas wherein they are sited. They provide employment opportunities for the employees and for the owners of the companies contracted by the refinery as well as for others involved in the supply of food and other products.

Global Trade:

• Petroleum products are one of the category of goods which are traded in the global market most frequently. These products can then be exported from the countries that are producing more hence expanding the international relations and trade.

National Security:

• The availability of refined petroleum products is sensitive especially when viewed from the perspective of security of many nations. Use of sources from the outside can be considered a weakness, thus making it important to have some refining done locally.

Environmental Compliance:

• Like all industrial processes, refineries are regulated by the standards to control emission and monitor air and water quality as well as to mitigate effects on the environment. It is important to note that consumers and producers fully adhere with these regulations since they are aimed at protecting the environment and health of the public.

Innovation and Technology:

• The refining Industry challenges the use of more efficient technology and better processes to deal with emissions and production of cleaner and environmentally friendly fuels and products.

Here are some of the specific benefits of oil refineries:

• Provide jobs: There are enormous number of employment opportunities related to oil refineries in most of the countries. It offers first and second tier employment to a over millions of people in this world.
• Generate revenue: The location of the oil refineries can complement other establishments through production of tax revenues for governmental bodies.
• Produce essential products: Holding facilities generate the petroleum products that fuel our today’s standard living such as; Gasoline, Diesel, Kerosene, and Aviation fuel.
• Support the global economy: Refining of oil is an important factor in the tong global economy. It serves as a basis for other industries most of which are drivers for the economy in the country such as logistical, power, manufacturing and so on.

Oil refineries are an important part of our modern world and require protection from threat by terrorists. It is greatly involved in crude supply to meet our demand of petroleum products and in supporting the global economy.

In aggregate, oil refineries represent a critical investment into the future of the energy and manufacturing supply, helping to service global society’s energy and product requirements and invest in technological growth.

Oil refinery is which type of industry

An oil refinery can thus be described under the petroleum industry or the petrochemical industry but more specifically can be described under the hydrocarbon industry. It is an Indian facility that refines crude oil or petroleum feedstocks into a number of valuable outputs such as gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, heating oil, petrochemicals and other related products of refined petroleum.

In an oil refinery, the interests are such that the various elements of crude oil are separated, converted and upgraded to various products using processes such as distillation, cracking, reforming and treatment. They are used as fundamental sources of energy, transportation fuel, and feedstocks for a number of sectors of transport, manufacturing, chemicals and others.

However, there are several related processes which are also performed at an oil refinery factory, for example, production of fuels and petrochemicals and electricity generation, treatment and disposing of wastewater, and environmental regulation to protect an oil refinery plant. Refineries are integral for the world’s energy mix and hence societal energy and product requirements as well.

Oil refinery in bihar

At present Bihar has only one oil refinery which is Barauni Refinery. Begusarai District – It is one of the companies fully owned by the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC). It is a sizes refinery with total capability of 6. The Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited is a one MMTPA refinery based at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh offering its main petroleum products such as automobile gasoline, Diesel, Kerosene, Aviation Turbine Fuels and petrochemicals etc.

Barauni Refinery was commissioned in the year 1964 and is among the oldest Refinery in the Indian context. It has also caused growth of Oil sector in Bihar as well as Supply and Requirement of petroleum products.

Regarding to the capacity, Barauni Refinery is to be under process for increasing existing<|reserved_special_token_270|> capacity from 5 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA by the implication of expansion plant. Obviously, it is expected that its population will be increased up to 2024.

It will also be seen that the Barauni Refinery adds another economical value for Bihar. more over it is directly or indirectly of the lives of thousand or peoples and giving good tax revenuw for the state government. It also has a great role to play in meeting the need of petroleum products for the growth and development of this state economy.

Oil refinery is an example of which industry

An oil refinery is an example of the petroleum industry or oil and gas industry. It falls within the category of hydrocarbon processing industries. The primary function of an oil refinery is to process crude oil or petroleum feedstocks to produce a wide range of valuable products, including:

Petroleum industry or oil and an gas industry is a central example of oil refinery, and, hence can be used here. It can be classified under the hydrocarbon processing industries though it is a chemical company. The primary function of an oil refinery is to process crude oil or petroleum feedstocks to produce a wide range of valuable products, including:The main role of an oil refinery is to convert crude oil or petroleum feedstocks into various useful products which are as follows:

Transportation Fuels: Transportation fuel consisting of motor vehicle fuel, diesel, aviation kerosene, marine fuel and other petroleum product for use in powering vehicles, aircraft and vessels.

Petrochemicals: They include plastic and synthetic rubber, solvents and any other chemical and material that is used in manufacture.

Heating and Industrial Fuels: Fuel oil for use in the heating structures both structural and industrial and for industrial purposes.

Lubricants: w Oils and Greases for automobile and industrial use including engine oil ,Lubricating oil and other grades of oils.

Specialty Products: Products used in various sectors such as; for construction of roads through the utilization of asphalt, waxes as well as bitumen.

Petroleum industry encompasses a process that involves exploring and drilling the crude oil and natural gas and also refining and processing of the natural resources. Downstream structures consist of oil refineries through which crude oil is upgraded , transformed into products that can be sold to the consumerl/industries.

In general the petroleum industry can be described as being one of the largest and most vital in the entire world in the crusade to provide energy and products the world over.

Oil and refinery companies in india

The following are some of the major oil and refinery companies in India:Some of the major oil and Refinery Companies in India are as following:

• Indian Oil Corporation (IOC): IOC ranks among the largest oil and refinery company and is originally from India which was established in the year1889. Currently, it has refiner capacity of eighty. Pipeline transportation of crude oil from the Niger Delta is handled by the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, NNPC through its three subsidiaries of: Petroleum: Pipeline System; Petroleum: Product Marketing; Petroleum: Products Marketing Company. The company process 8 MMTPA and has 11 refineries in the India. In the downstream sector also IOC dominates over it and IOC along with its subsidiary has an outlet of crude oil more than 12500.
• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL): BPCL is one of the most prominent oil and refinery serving company in India next only to IOCL. 13 As of 2015 has a refining capacity of 35. 5 MMTPA and has five refineries located all over the Country and wholly owned by the company. BPCL was widely spread in downstream side of the value chain investing in more than 9,300 retail outlets.
• Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL): Among the various oil and refinery companies in India the HPCL is the third one among BPCL, HPCL and IOC. It also has a throughput of processing 24. 50 thousand barrels per day or 8 Million Metric Ton per Annum and has five refining capacity at the moment in the country. It too has a good online downstream operations and currently has about 8,305 number of retail outlets as of the end of this year across the length and breadth of the country.
• Reliance Industries Limited (RIL): RIL is a Private Sector Oil and refinery undertaking and in following the value chain Daimler group of companies have covered different and interested link or chain. It has the refining capacity of 70 MMTPA and the largest complex is located in Jamnagar Gujarat. It also has a huge exposure to the petrochemicals industry as well .
• Nayara Energy Limited (NEL): It’s an oil and refinery company located in private sector. Gross refining throughput capacity today stands at 20 MMTPA NEL is a consortium which own and operates a 275 kilometer long pipeline system which was built with the involvement of Rosneft, an oil company of Russia and Trafigura, an independent oil and commodity trading company of Switzerland.

All these companies have the task of meeting the demand of petroleum products in the India economy. They also provide direct and indirect help in providing employment to millions of people apart from paying good amount of taxes to the government.

There are not only some large oil companies, but also there are some more oil and refine companies in India are listed below. These companies are useful inf fulfilling the demands of bankruptcy in the petroleum products in the regional markets.

Industry of oil and refinery is one of the important industry of economy of India. Although, as has been stated earlier, it is rather significant for the further development and for the growth of the level of economic development of the country.